Non commercial website, for knowledge sharing. Free to copy and use, if you find it useful. Rashi (Zodiac)

Sanskrit Name	Western/Greek Name	Tattva (Element)	Quality	Ruling Planet	Part of Body
(1)Meṣa (मेष) "ram"	Aries ("ram")	Tejas (Fire)	Cara (Movable)	Mars	head
(2)Vṛṣabha (वृषभ) "bull"	Taurus ("bull")	Prithivi (Earth)	Sthira (Fixed)	Venus	mouth
(3)Mithuna (मिथुन) "twins"	Gemini ("twins")	Vayu (Air)	Dvisvabhava (Dual)	Mercury	arms
(4)Karkaṭa (कर्कट) "crab"	Cancer ("crab")	Jala (Water)	Cara (Movable)	Moon	two sides
(5)Siṃha (सिंह) "lion"	Leo ("lion")	Tejas (Fire)	Sthira (Fixed)	Sun	heart
(6)Kanyā (कन्या) "girl"	Virgo ("virgin")	Prithivi (Earth)	Dvisvabhava (Dual)	Mercury	digestive system
(7)Tulā (तुला) "balance"	Libra ("balance")	Vayu (Air)	Cara (Movable)	Venus	umbilical area
(8)Vṛścika (वृश्चिक) "scorpion"	Scorpio ("scorpion")	Jala (Water)	Sthira (Fixed)	Mars	generative organs
(9)Dhanus (धनुष) "bow"	Sagittarius ("archer")	Tejas (Fire)	Dvisvabhava (Dual)	Jupiter	thighs
(10)Makara (मकर) "sea-monster"	Capricorn ("goat-horned")	Prithivi (Earth)	Cara (Movable)	Saturn	knees
(11)Kumbha (कुम्भ) "pitcher"	Aquarius ("water-pourer")	Vayu (Air)	Sthira (Fixed)	Saturn	Lower part of legs
(12)Mīna (मीन) "fish"	Pisces ("fish")	Jala (Water)	Dvisvabhava (Dual)	Jupiter	feet

As per NASA there are 13 constellations in the original zodiac. Babylonians had a 12-month calendar, and to match it they left Ophiuchus out.

1. Capricorn: January 20 - February 16
2. Aquarius: February 16 – March 11
3. Pisces: March 11 – April 18
4. Aries: April 18 – May 13
5. Taurus: May 13 – June 21
6. Gemini: June 21 – July 20
7. Cancer: July 20 – August 10
8. Leo: August 10 – September 16
9. Virgo: September 16 – October 30
10. Libra: October 30 – November 23
11. Scorpio: November 23 – November 29
12. Ophiuchus: November 29 – December 17
13. Sagittarius: December 17 – January 20

Nakshatra

Tamil name	Nakshatra	Associated stars	Astronomical Name (No. of stars)	Indian zodiac	Symbol
Asvini	Ashvini	β and γ Arietis	Beta Arietis (3)	0deg - 13deg20' Mesha	Horse's head
Barani	Bharani	Arietis	35 Arietis (3)	13deg 20' - 26deg40' Mesha	Yoni
Karthikai	Krittika	Pleiades	Eta Tauri (6)	26deg40' Mesha - 10deg Vrishabha	Knife or spear
Rohini	Rohini	Aldebaran	Aldebaran (5)	10deg - 23deg20' Vrishabha	Cart, temple, banyan tree
Mirugasirsham	Mrigashia	λ, φ Orionis	Lambda Orionis (3)	23deg 20' Vrishabha - 6deg 40' Mithuna	Deer's head
Thiruvadirai	Aridra	Betelgeuse	Alpha Orionis (1)	6deg 40' - 20deg Mithuna	Teardrop, diamond, a human head
Punarpoosam	Punarvasu	Castor and Pollux	Beta Geminorium (2 to 4)	20deg Mithuna - 3deg20' Karka	Bow and quiver
Poosam	Pushya	γ, δ and θ Cancri	Delta Cancri (3)	3deg20' -16deg40' Karka	Cow's udder, lotus, arrow and circle
Aayilyam	Aslesha	δ, ε, η, ρ, and σ Hydrae	Alpha Hydroe (1)	16deg40' - 30deg Karka	Serpent
Magam	Magha	Regulus	Regulus (5)	0deg - 13deg20' Simha	Royal Throne
Pooram	Purva Phalguni	δ and θ Leonis	Delta Leonis (2)	13deg20' - 26deg40' Simha	Front legs of bed, hammock, fig tree
Uttaram	Uttara Phalguni	Denebola	Beta Leonis (2)	26deg40' Simha- 10deg Kanya	Four legs of bed, hammock
Hastham	Hasta	α, β, γ, δ and ε Corvi	Delta Corvi (3)	10deg - 23deg20' Kanya	Hand or fist
Chitirai	Chitra	Spica	Spica Virginis -Vegus (1)	23deg20' Kanya - 6deg40' Tula	Bright jewel or pearl
Swati	Svati	Arcturus	Arcturus (1)	6deg40' - 20deg Tula	Shoot of plant, coral
Visakam	Vishakha	α, β, γ and ι Librae	Alpha Libroe (2)	20deg Tula - 3deg20' Vrishchika	Triumphal arch, potter's wheel
Anusham	Anuradha	β, δ and π Scorpionis	Delta Scorpio (4)	3deg20' - 16deg40' Vrishchika	Triumphal archway, lotus
Kettai	Jyeshtha	α, σ, and τ Scorpionis	Antares (3)	16deg40' - 30deg Vrishchika	circular amulet, umbrella, earring
Moolam	Mula	ε, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ, μ and ν Scorpionis	Lambda Scorpio (11)	0deg - 13deg20' Dhanus	Bunch of roots tied together, elephant goad
Pooradam	Purva Ashadha	δ and ε Sagittarii	Delta Sagittari (2)	13deg20' - 26deg40' Dhanus	Elephant tusk, fan, winnowing basket
Uttaradam	Uttara Ashadha	ζ and σ Sagittarii	Sigma sagittari (3)	26deg40' Dhanus - 10deg Makara	Elephant tusk, small bed
Abhijit		α, ε and ζ Lyrae - Vega
Thiruvonam	Shravana	α, β and γ Aquilae	Alpha Aquiloe (3)	10deg - 23deg20' Makara	Ear or Three Footprints
Avittam	Dhanishtha	α to δ Delphini	Beta Delphinum (4)	23deg20' Makara - 6deg40' Kumbha	Drum or flute
Sadayam	Shatabhisha	γ Aquarii	Lambda Aquarius (100)	6deg40' - 20deg Kumbha ;	Empty circle, flowers or stars
Purattadhi	Purva Bhadra	α and β Pegasi	Alpha Pegasi (2)	20deg Kumbha - 3deg20' Meena ;	Swords or two front legs of cot, man with two faces
Uttarattadhi	Uttaea Bhadra	γ Pegasi and α Andromedae	Gama Pegasi (2)	3deg20' - 16deg40' Meena ;	Twins, back legs of cot, snake in the water
Revathi	Revati	ζ Piscium	Zeta Piscum (32)	16deg40' - 30deg Meena	Pair of fish, drum

Each nakshatra is associated with deity and characteristics of personality and so on

Nakshatra	Ruler	Deity	Meaning	Purpose	Animal	Gana
Asvini	Ketu	Saraswathi, Gods physicians	wife of the Ashvins	Dharma	Horse M	Deva
Barani	Venus	Durgai, god of death or Dharma	the bearer	Artha	Elephant M	Manushya
Karthikai	Sun	Agni	nurses of Kārttikeya	Kama	Goat F	Rakshasa
Rohini	Moon	Brahma or Prajapati	the red one, a name of Aldebaran, brāhmī	Moksha	Serpent M	Manushya
Mirugasirsham	Mars	Soma, Chandra	the deer's head, āgrahāyaṇī	Moksha	Serpent F	Deva
Thiruvadirai	Rahu	Shiva or Rudra the storm god	the moist one	Kama	Dog M	Manushya
Punarpoosam	Jupiter	Aditi, mother of the gods	(dual), two restorers of goods, the two chariots	Artha	Cat F	Deva
Poosam	Saturn	Brihaspati	the nourisher, sidhya	Dharma	Ram M	Deva
Aayilyam	Mercury	Adhisesha or Nagas	the embrace	Dharma	Cat M	Rakshasa
Magam	Ketu	Sukra or Pitrs family ancestors	the bountiful	Artha	rat M	Rakshasa
Pooram	Venus	Parvathy, god of marital bliss and prosperity	first reddish one	Kama	rat F	Manushya
Uttaram	Sun	Surya, god of patronage and favours	second reddish one	Moksha	Bull M	Manushya
Hastham	Moon	Sasthan, Saviti or Surya	the hand	Moksha	Buffalo F	Deva
Chitirai	Mars	Vishvakarman, the celestial architect, Indra	the bright one	Kama	tiger F	Rakshasa
Swati	Rahu	Vaayu	name of Arcturus	Artha	Buffalo M	Deva
Visakam	Jupiter	Kumara, Agni, god of Fire	forked, having branches, rādhā the gift	Dharma	tiger M	Rakshasa
Anusham	Saturn	Laxmi, Mitra	following rādhā	Dharma	Deer or Hare F	Deva
Kettai	Mercury	Indra	the eldest, most excellent	Artha	Deer or Hare M	Rakshasa
Moolam	Ketu	Asurar, Nirrti, goddess of dissolution and destruction	the root	Kama	Dog F	Rakshasa
Pooradam	Venus	Varuna, god of Water	the invincible one	Moksha	monkey M	Manushya
Uttaradam	Sun	Ganapathi, Visvedevas, universal gods	second of the aṣāḍhā	Moksha	Mongoose M	Manushya
Abhijit		Brahma	victorious
Thiruvonam	Moon	Vishnu	Shravana	Artha	Monkey F	Deva
Avittam	Mars	Eight vasus, deities of earthly abundance	Shravishthā - most famous, Dhanishta - swiftest	Dharma	lion F	Rakshasa
Sadayam	Rahu	Yama, god of cosmic waters, sky and earth,	requiring a hundred physicians	Dharma	Horse F	Rakshasa
Purattadhi	Jupiter	Kubera, an ancient fire dragon	first of the blessed feet	Artha	lion M	Manushya
Uttarattadhi	Saturn	kamadhenu, dragon of the deep	second of the blessed feet	Kama	cow F	Manushya
Revathi	Mercury	Sani, nourisher, the protective deity	prosperous	Moksha	elephant F	Deva

Tips for locating nakshatras and their equivalent in other systems.

Indian list	Greek	Chinese	Arab	Sun sign or alignment	deg from aswin	Theoretical
Ashwini	Alpha Aries*	Peih	Al Fargh al Thani	14 Apr	0	0.00
Bharani	Delta Aries	Goei	Al Batn al Hut	28 Apr	11	13.33
Krittika*	Pleiades	Leu	Al Sharatain	12 May	26	26.67
Rohini	Aldebaran	Oei	Al Butain	26 May	38	40.00
Mrigashira	Orionis	Mao*	Al Thurayya*	9 June	51	53.33
Aardhra	Betelgeuse	Pi	Al Dabaran	23 June	67	66.67
Punarvasu	Castor and Pollux	Tsee	Al Hak'ah	7 July	84	80.00
Pushya	Praesepe Cancri	Shen	Al Han'ah	21 July	93	93.33
Aashlesha	Hydrae	Tsing	Al Dhira	4 Aug	104	106.67
Maghaa	Regulus	Kwei	Al Nathrah	18 Aug	121	120.00
Pubba	Leonis	Lieu	Al Tarf	1 Sept	137	133.33
Uttara	Denebola	Sing,	Al Jabhah	14 Sept	146	146.67
Hastaa	Corvi	Chang	Al Zubrah	28 Sept	159	160.00
Chitra	Spica	Yen	Al Sarfah	11 Oct	172	173.33
Swati	Arcturus	Tchin	Al Awwa	24 Oct	183	186.67
Vishaka	Librae	Kio	Al Simak	5 Nov	193	200.00
Anooradha	Scorpionis	Kang	Al Ghafr	20 Nov	209	213.33
Jyeshta	Antares	Ti	Al Jubana	4 Dec	217	226.67
Moola	Lamda Scorpionis	Fang	Iklil al Jabhah	17 Dec	229	240.00
Poorvashada	Sigma Sagittarii	Sin	Al Kalb	29 Dec	251	253.33
UttaraShada	Delta Sagittarii	Wei	Al Shaulah	12 Jan	272	266.67
Abhijit	Vega	Ki	Al Na'am
Shravana	Altair or Aquilae	Tow	Al Baldah	25 Jan	294	280.00
Dhanishta	Delta Delphinis	Nieu	Al Sa'd al Dhabih	7 Febr	304	293.33
Shatabhisha	Sigma Aquarii	Mo	Al Sa'd al Bula	20 Febr	312	306.67
Poorva Bhadra	Alpha Pegasi	Heu	Al Sa'd al Su'ud	5 Mar	329	320.00
Uttara Bhadra	Gama Pegasi (Andromedae)	Gui	Al Sa'd al Ahbiyah	18 Mar	341.5	333.33
Revathi	Piscium	Shih	Al Fargh al Mukdim	31 Mar	351.5	346.67

* represents first nakshatra for the particular system.

Kumara - Skanda - Seyon

Mars, Krittika and Vishaka, associated with Kumara/skanda/seyon.
(1) Mars அங்காரகா
தரநீ கர்ப்ப ஸம்பூதம்,வித்யுத் காந்தி ஸமப்ரபம்
குமரம் ஷக்தி ஹஸ்தம் தம் மங்களம் ப்ரநமாம்யஹம்
ஒம். அக்னிர் மூர்த்தா ----  ம்ருடாதீத்ருசே. ---- அங்காரகாய நம:

(2) Krittika கிருத்திகை: Pleiades, Leu and Al Sharatain by Greek, Chinese and Arab.
ஓம் வன்னிதேஹாயை வித்மஹேமஹாதபாயை தீமஹி தன்னோ க்ருத்திகா ப்ரசோதயாத்.
அக்னிர்ந: பாது க்ருத்திகா:.. நக்ஷத்ரந்  ----- அக்நிர்நோ தேவஸ்ஸுவிதே ததாது… க்ருத்திகா நக்ஷத்திர தேவதா அக்நயே நம:

(3) Vishaka விசாகம்: - Librae, Kio and Al Simak by Greek, Chinese and Arab.
ஓம் இந்த்ராக்நௌச வித்மஹே மஹாச்ரேஷ்ட்யைச தீமஹி தன்னோ விசாகா ப்ரசோதயாத்
தூரமஸ்மச்சத்ர வோ யந்து பீதா:. ததீந்த்ராக்னீ -----  விந்த்த்ராக்னீ புவன.ஸ்ய கோபெள . 
விஷூ ச : சத்ரூனப பாதமாநெள. அபக்ஷுதந்நுத தாமராதிம்.. விஷாக நக்ஷதிர தேவதாப்யாம் இந்திராக்னீப்யாம் நம:.

காந்தி அக்னிர் வன்னிதேஹா ததீந்த்ராக்னீ விந்த்த்ராக்னீ இந்திராக்னீ -
Words in these slokas: kanthi Agnir Vannideha Tadhindraknee Vintraknee Indiragni 
- are all connected with flame/light, red, energy

Polynesians - Matariki

Matariki constellation is cluster of stars, is part of the Taurus constellation. Known as Krittika*, Pleiades, Leu and Al Sharatain by Indian, Greek, Chinese and Arab. Krittika (from divine eyes) or birth of kumara has sumerian connections. In Japan it is called Subaru meaning to govern.

Aotearoa’s Matariki – sometime referred to as Māori New Year – arrives mid-winter and marks the beginning of the new year for many iwi with the reappearance of the Matariki constellation in the east before sunrise in June-July. It will help break up the cold winter months because it will always be on a Monday or Friday. Polynesians celebrate when Matariki or Krittika star seen just before sunrise, while Indians celebrate when Krittika star rises just after sunset in Nov/Dec. When rises with full moon, it is Karthigai deepam

Matariki literally means the 'eyes of god' (mata ariki) or 'little eyes' (mata riki). When Ranginui, the sky father, and Papatūānuku, the earth mother were separated by their offspring, the god of the winds, Tāwhirimātea, became angry, tearing out his eyes and hurling them into the heavens. Matariki is the star that signifies reflection, hope, our connection to the environment and the gathering of people. Matariki is also connected to the health and wellbeing of people. The optimum time to observe the rising of Matariki is in the phase of the moon known as Tangaroa, the moon of plenty. The Tangaroa moon phase occurs in the three or four days leading to a new moon and will fall on different dates each year. We call it Ekadashi, or 11th day. Polynesians go for location of star in the sky.

(1) June 24, 2022
Matariki public holiday on Friday, June 24, 2022 Ekadashi
At 5:00 am Horizon (Lagna) is Krittika 34.45 deg
(At 7:24 am Surya raises in Ardra 68.14 deg
Nakshatra at horizon changes every 53.33 min, 1 hour approx 
From 2 hour before sunrise, difficult to see stars at horizon.)
Before Sun sets Lagna will be Krittika & Rohini
https://www.twoa.ac.nz/hononga-stay-connected/te-iwa-o-matariki?sc_lang=en#how-many-stars-does-matariki-have

Arundhati and Vashistha

Mizar is known as Vashista and Alcor is known as Arundhati. You'll spot Mizar first, as the middle star of the Big Dipper's handle. Look closely, and you'll see Alcor right next to Mizar. This pair of stars in the Big Dipper’s handle is famously called “the horse and rider.” If you can’t see fainter Alcor with the unaided eye, use binoculars to see Mizar’s nearby companion.

Ancient Hindus, Chinese, Japanese, Romans, Greeks and Babylonians all have tracked Arundhati and Vashishta or Mizar and Alcor. The two are visible year round from the mid-northern hemisphere. (may be around 8 PM). Apart from Alcor, Mizar being double star, they themselves are binary and four stars. Alcor a binary, consisting of Alcor A and Alcor B. Alcor binary system is gravitationally bound to the Mizar quadruple system – making six stars in all.

Vaikuntha Ekadashi

2 January 2023 Monday Vaikuntha Ekadashi in Auckland
Before sunrise, Lagna & Chandra in Mula
sunrise in UttaraShada/Abhijit (257.04 deg). 

Before Sun sets Lagna will be Krittika & Rohini

Moola (The Root) or Lamda Scorpionis, Fang and Iklil al Jabhah by Indian, Greek, Chinese and Arab.
Moola means root. Also means start, first/entrance.
Once in way Mars/Venus/comet could have been observed during this time.

This could have been the source for Vaikuntha Ekadashi festival.
Early morning opening of zodiac, gate of heaven/Vaikuntha.
Similar story in chaldean magii, sages and christmas star in december, used in bible.

Abhijit - Vega - Whanui

Whanui is invoked for abundant food. Whanui stole tuber kumara (sweet potato) from his brother Rongo-ma-tāne, and brought them to earth where his wife Pani introduced them as food to humans. As the star Vega, his rising signals the time for the harvest. When it moves slowly it is a sign of plentiful crops and an abundance of food. But when it moves swiftly, as if blown by the wind, then the coming season will be one of great scarcity, a lean season (he tau hiroki). When Whanui is seen flashing above the eastern horizon as autumn approaches, it is the sign for taking up of the kumara crop.
"Whanui atua ka eke mai i te rangi e roa e
Whangainga iho ki te mata o te tau e roa e."
The expression mata o te tau denotes the first fruits of the season.

Additional Notes on nakshatras

1. The starting point for the nakshatras is the point on the ecliptic directly opposite to the star Spica called Chitra in Sanskrit. It is called Meshadi by Lagadha.
2. Ashwini is classified as a Small constellation, precise or delicate nature Bharani is she who supports, maintains.
3. MRIGASIRA, head of the Deer is the constellation Orion.
4. Arudra nakshatra (Betelgeuse) means the goddess of fortune. Symbol a teardrop means wet or surcharged with water
5. Punarvasu are the two brightest stars in the constellation of Gemini
6. Magha in Leo means 'Grand' or 'Noble'.
7. Purva Phalguni and Uttar Phalguni means reddish, a double star constellation
8. Hasta belongs to Virgo and its symbol is a hand
9. Swati or star Arcturus or star which converts dew drops into pearls.
10. Jyeshtha (The Eldest) is associated with Indra, chief of the gods
11. Mula (The Root)

The classical western map of the sky, with the 48 Greek constellations, was derived from at least two different pre-Greek traditions. One tradition comprised the 12 signs of the zodiac, with several associated animal constellations, all of which developed over 3,200-500 BC in Mesopotamia in a religious or ritual tradition. The other tradition comprised large constellations which appear to date from 2,800 BC, devised for the navigators of ships. They include huge bears and serpents which marked the celestial pole and equator at that time, and probably the four anonymous giants which we know as Hercules, Ophiuchus, Bootes, and Auriga, as well as some of the large southern 'marine' constellations.

The night sky is full of bright stars, below are the Top 10 Brightest Stars. Venus is the brightest planet, which can often be seen within a few hours after sunset or before sunrise as the brightest object in the sky (other than the moon).
1. Sirius A (Alpha Canis Majoris)
Located in the constellation Canis Major with an apparent magnitude of -1.5 and 8 light years away from Earth. Visible from the whole planet.
2. Canopus (Alpha Carinae)
Located in the constellation Carina with an apparent magnitude of -0.72, 309.8 light years away from Earth. Visible from the Northern Hemisphere.
3. Rigil Kentaurus (Alpha Centauri)
Located in the constellation Centaurus with an apparent magnitude of -0.29, 4.36 light-years away from Earth. Visible from the Southern Hemisphere.
4. Arcturus (Alpha Bootis)
Located in the constellation Bootes with an apparent magnitude of -0.04, 37 light years away from Earth. Visible from the Northern Hemisphere.
5. Vega (Alpha Lyrae)
Located in the Lyra constellation with an apparent magnitude of +0.03, 25.5 light years away from Earth. Visible from the Northern Hemisphere.
6. Capella (Alpha Aurigae)
Located in the Auriga constellation with an apparent magnitude of +0.08, 42 light years away from Earth. Visible from the Northern Hemisphere.
7. Rigel (Beta Orionis)
Located in the constellation Orion with an apparent magnitude of +0.18, 860 light years away from Earth. Visible from the Southern Hemisphere.
8. Procyon (Alpha Canis Minoris)
Located in the Canis Minor constellation with an apparent magnitude of +0.34, 11.45 light years away from Earth. Visible from the Northern Hemisphere.
9. Achernar (Alpha Eridani)
Located in the Eridanus constellation with an apparent magnitude of +0.445, 114 light years away from Earth. Visible from the Southern Hemisphere.
10. Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis)
Located in the constellation Orion with an apparent magnitude of +0.42, 640 light years away from Earth. Visible from the Northern Hemisphere.